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Zeal;}} {\colortbl\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue0;\red255\green0\blue0;\red0\green255\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green255\blue0;} {\stylesheet{\sbasedon222\snext Normal;}} \paperw12240\paperh15840\margt1440\margb1440\margl1440\margr1440\widowctrl\ftnbj\ftnrestart\ftnstart1\pgnstart1\deftab720\sectd\linemod0\linex0\cols1\colsx0 \pard\plain\pard\qc{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Introduction} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The founding document of the University Computer Club, the 1974 constitution, declared that the purpose of the club was 'd4the advancement of Computer Science'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f21\fs20\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 1974 UCC Constitution, inferred from the 1979 amended Constitution, Guild Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 While this definition has remained unchanged, it has been interpreted in varying ways through the twenty five year history of the Club. Throughout this work I intend to explore the ways the members of the UCC have constructed the business of the Club.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The focus is on the changing roles of the Club, the varying purposes it has served for members. I am particularly interested in the complicated relationship between the definition of the Club as a forum for undertaking projects (constructing hardware or } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 software) and the definition of the Club as a social group (undertaking social activities only loosely related to computing). I will examine the ebb and flow between these two perceptions of the Club.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab These understandings of the purpose of the UCC will be set in the background of the wider history of computing at the University of Western Australia over the past twenty five years. Each section examines the history of the UCC within the broader context} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 of computing on campus, and aims to offer a historically grounded analysis of the changing undertakings of the UCC. Consequently, this work is not arranged thematically, with reference only to the internal workings of the Club, but chronologically, with } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 sections dedicated to the history of the computing on campus in each decade. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab At this point I am only sketching the history of the UCC. I hope that this tentative work will be revised after it has been viewed at the UCC'd5s twenty fifth anniversary dinner. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Chronology\par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 1970s\par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 1980s\par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 1990s\par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Conclusions\page } \pard\qc{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 The 1970s} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In 1974 the UCC owned only one major computer, an IBM 1620, which was kept in temporary storage; by the end of the decade the Club owned an array of machines and had a permanent room on campus. Throughout this period the UCC aggressively acquired computer} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 s, lobbied for access to the university'd5s mainframe and gained new members. This was a period of both establishment and rapid expansion for the Club, a process of growth which mirrored the development of computing at the University of Western Australia as} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 a whole.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The UCC was founded to allow members access to computers at a time when there were relatively few computers in Western Australia. In the 1970s this meant using the 'd4respectability'd5 of the Club to gain time on the university'd5s mainframes, a DEC PDP 10 and} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 a CDC Cyber 72 run by the West Australian Regional Computing Centre (WARCC).} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Andrew Marriott to Emma Hawkes, 26/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In the words of a founding member, Andrew Marriott,} {\plain\f3\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 I suppose that it [the UCC] was made up of my 'd2scaly mates'd3 - it was a very informal club and mainly there to help others and to bind us all together. Probably to give us a bit of respectability as well since many of us were well known to [WARCC].} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Andrew Marriott to Emma Hawkes, 26/3/1999.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f3\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f3\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 It also meant buying computers and arranging for a central club room in which to use them. In 1974 the UCC'd5s major possession was an enormously heavy IBM 1620 which ran on punch cards and had 16K words of memory, and the other equipment consisted of an IB} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 M 407 printerpunch card machine and a tape reading machine. } {\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab One of the first priorities of the Club was, then, acquiring further machines by soliciting donations and fund raising. Members of the UCC actively pursued grants from the Guild, gaining three in 1980 alone.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 For some reason, the guild records only list the grants given in 1980 and 1981.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In the same year the UCC was one of six organisations in Western Australian to gain a grant from the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Trust for Young Australians. The trust awarded the Club with $5000 for 'd4providing students with access to practical ex} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 perience in computer use and management, promoting community understanding of computer benefits, and providing computer services to service groups who could not otherwise afford them.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Correspondence regarding the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Trust for Young Australians, 1980, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 This money was immediately spent on more memory, 128K of RAM, and the unofficial correspondence of the time noted the 'd4} {\plain\strike\f16\fs24\cf1 need to write a believable reply to this in order to rip more money out of them} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 'd5!} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 On an envelope in the correspondence regarding the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Trust for Young Australians, 1980, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab By the end of the decade, the UCC had acquired a far wider array of machines. Notably, in 1978 members of the Club paid $20,000 (raised by private subscription and a loan) for an Alpha micro-computer 100 which they named Murphy for Murphy'd5s Law. The mac} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 hine was an AM-100 with 6 serial ports (Am-300 card), 64K of memory, two 8'd3 floppy drives, a converted Baudot teleprinter for hardcopy, and a S100 byte map video board.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Technical descriptions of many of the early UCC machines can be found at http://www.ncsc.dni.us/fun/user/tcc/cmuseum/cmuseum.htm, downloaded 9/4/1999.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In the late 1970s, the Club also acquired Edsel, an Altair 8800B with two serial ports, a single 8'd3 hard sectored floppy drive and 32K of memory. In the early 1980s, the Club bought Ben, a two ton IBM 360/40 with a Baudot teleprinter which had originally} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 belonged to the Perth Building Society.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Its twin, Bill, went elsewhere.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Additionally, the Club acquired other, less impressive machines, such as an IBM golfball typewriter, a Computalker CT-100 speech synthesiser board and a magnetic tape controller.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab Some of these machines were used mainly for word processing - particularly the IBM golfball typewriter! - since facilities for such work were not widely available on campus. A document written in the late 1970s or early 1980s described the more typical a} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ctivities of the UCC as \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 editing and typing of reports... maintenance of personal databases, learning various computer languages (BASIC, LISP, PASCAL, MACRO assembler), and of course the mandatory invention and playing of games.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club, Hand Out, Phil Sutherland'd5s Collection.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 A great deal of energy was spent on setting up the essentials of the computers. The emphasis was on acquiring machines and getting them to run. To give an example, Murphy did not originally have terminals, a problem which was dealt with successively by b} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 orrowing terminals, making cardboard keyboards, using EME-1 boards which could only produce capital letters, building a VRAM display card from Gemini trackings parts, and finally getting a Visual 200 terminal. Since computers were unusual and expensive eq} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 uipment in the early 1980s, the UCC concentrated on the provision of the basics of computing.\par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab To be properly used, the UCC'd5s machines needed to be kept in a permanent club room, but between 1974 and 1978 the UCC moved several times and the computers were often stored away from the meeting areas. The UCC began by sharing a room in the Mathematics } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 building with the Weatherburn Mathematics Society,} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Jeffrey Middleton, 'd4President'd5s Report'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 After Math: A Publication of the Weatherburn Society} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 4.1 (1976) 26.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 but were asked to leave after they 'd4filled'd5 the room with computers, rubbish and members, and covered the blackboard with 'd4computer garbage'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 15/9/76, Jeffrey Middleton to the UCC, in The UCC Papers: An unofficial history of a remarkable organisation, compiled by those who wish to conceal the truth, from documents intended to reveal all, for the inspiration of those who follow A souvenir from } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 the University Computer Club'd5s Tenth Anniversary Dinner, September 1984.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 After returning the original clubroom to the beleaguered Mathematics Society, the UCC were given storage room in the old Dolphin theatre and limited accommodation in Room G 38 of the Physics Building and also appropriated one of the discussion rooms in t} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 he Physical Science Library. When the old Dolphin theatre was destroyed in 1978, the Guild offered the UCC accommodation in the Guild building and storage space at the Shenton Park facilities. The UCC remained in Room 2.14 of the Guild Building for the n} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ext twelve years, and this stability made it easier to collect computers and to undertake computing projects.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The activities of the UCC at this time - especially the zeal with which members collected computers - were quite remarkable. Indeed the undertakings of the UCC in the 1970s appear even more exceptional when contextualised in the history of computing at t} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 he university and in Western Australia as a whole at this time. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The first computer had been brought to West Australia in 1962 when the West Australian Regional Computing Centre (WARCC) was established with a single IBM 1620.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Heather Rose, 'd4Support Service: Hands and Feet of the University'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , Ed. B.K. deGaris (Perth: University of Western Australia Press, 1988)136.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In 1965 WARCC purchased a DEC PDP 6, a multi-access, time-sharing computer, and became the first organisation in the world to lease time on a computer. By 1972 WARCC had also acquired a DEC PDP 10 and a CDC Cyber 72 and was a semi-autonomous organisatio} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 n used by the University of Western Australia and by other research institutions. That is to say, when the UCC was founded in 1974 there were only a handful of computers in the entire State, and members of the Club asked for access to these machines.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The University of Western Australia began to experiment with computers in the late 1960s, although the teaching of Computer Science and the use of computers on campus became widespread only in the late 1970s. In 1963 the University offered a one year pos} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 tgraduate Diploma in Numerical Analysis and Automatic Computation.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Bob Sullivan, 'd4Science'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 (1988) 345.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In 1967 the Mathematics Department ran a four day course on punch card technology.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 20/4/1967, D.G. Moore to Professor A.L. Blakers, UWAA 2412, Computing Centre.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In 1972 the Curriculum Committee approved the proposals of the the Head of Electrical and Electronic Engineering that a subject entitled 'd4Computer Technology'd5 should be introduced.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f21\fs20\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 29/2/1972, University of Western Australia, Faculty of Engineering Minutes, 1969 - 1972.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The students who founded the UCC were presumably the sort of students who were interested in these courses.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab Indeed, the founding of the UCC predated the establishment of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Western Australia. Although suggestions for such a department had been put forward as early as 1967,} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 28/3/1967, A.R. Billings to Registrar, UWAA 2412, Computing Centre.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 the proposal was not accepted by the Professorial Board until 1970} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 4/11/1970, UWAA 3905/1, Computer Science.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 and the Chair in Computer Science was not advertised until 1972.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 18/7/1972, Academic Board, UWAA 3905/2, Computer Science.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The position was not filled at this time and it was only in 1976 that Professor Jeff Rohl founded the Department of Computer Science.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Sullivan, 'd4Science'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 (1988) 349.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The department began by offering only one second year unit, but rapidly expanded into a full degree. As early as 1977 there were more than 200 undergraduate students and three Masters students in the department.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 29/6/1977, Executive Committee in Science, 1976 - 1979; Faculty of Science, Report of the Higher Degree Committee, Executive Committee in Science, 1976 - 1979.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab Setting the early years of the UCC in this background highlights the exceptional nature of the Club at this time. It is not merely intriguing to know that when the Club was founded the library system of the University of Western Australia did not own a s} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ingle computer; this context demonstrates how unusual it was to work with computers at this time.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Computers were introduced to the library for the first time in 1975, but the two machines had been dropped at the airport and were also hit by lightning in 1976 and so, unsurprisingly, were not much of an asset. Rose, 'd4Support Service: Hands and Feet of t} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 he University'd5 in } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 (1988) 135; } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Report of the Library for the year 1976.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The fact that the University of Western Australia spent only $268,029 on computing in 1974 is of more than passing interest; it emphasises the remarkable efforts members of the UCC put into raising money with which to buy computers.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Submission to the Appropriations Committee on behalf of the Computer Policy Committee, 2/3/1979, UWAA 3106/5, Computer Facilities within the University.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The inception of the UCC was, then, an extraordinary event, and the members of the Club were among the first tertiary students in the State to have access to computers. At the same time, the 1970s were a period of enormous expansion of the field of compu} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ting as a whole, and the growth of the UCC reflected the development of computing on campus as a whole. The UCC may be said to have been cresting the wave of computing in the 1970s.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \page } \pard\qc{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 The 1980s} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Both the history of the UCC and the broader history of computing on campus were quite different in the 1980s. Computers moved from being rare, odd and futuristic machines, to being everyday tools. This meant that the activities of the UCC were less uncon} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ventional, and the increasingly mainstream position of the Club allowed members to begin experimenting with a wider range of technical projects and to develop a new set of social activities.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The Department of Computer Science expanded enormously in the 1980s, growing faster than any other department at the University of Western Australia.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Brian deGaris, 'd4Teaching and Research - an Overview'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 (1988) 187.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In 1980 there were four staff offering two units, but by 1989 there were eleven staff and a full degree in Computer Science was available.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 University of Western Australia, } {\plain\i\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 InterFaculty Handbook, 1980} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 (1980) 78-9; University of Western Australia,} {\plain\i\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 InterFaculty Handbook, 1989} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 (1989) 9, 141-5.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 By 1989 the department had 22 students enrolled in postgraduate degrees and 212 undergraduates.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 University of Western Australia, UniStats, 1989.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab An even more striking development in computing on campus was that computers began to be used by non-computer scientists. The personal computer made the use of computers everyday and unexceptional. A history of computing written in 1988 argued:\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Twenty five years ago computing was stationary, ponderous, and centralized. Its dominant role was to serve the critical needs and purposes of organizations and the sciences. Today matters are very different. Computation is personal, ubiquitous, and expa} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 nsive.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Alan Perlis and John R. White, 'd4Foreword'd5 to } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 A History of Personal Workstations} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , Ed. Adele Goldberg (New York: ACM Press, 1988) v.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 As part of this computing revolution, computer laboratories for students were set up throughout the 1980s. In 1978 there were cables for only three terminals in Mathematics; two in Physiology; one in Geography; three for Systems Programmers; and two for t} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 he Computer Centre.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 3/7/1978, D.C. McGrath, Staff Engineer, to Mr R. Angeloni, Vice Principal, UWAA 3106/3, Computing Facilities within the University.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In the 1980s this changed rapidly as the 'd4need'd5 for student access to computers was acknowledged.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 2/5/1983, Alan Davison to Deputy Vice Chancellor R.M.C. Laurens, UWAA 3106/6, Computing Facilities within the University.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 To give a single example, in 1981 the Department of Psychology got a University General Development Grant to set up a first year teaching laboratory, although it was not until 1987 that there were terminals for all the students in that department.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 deGaris, 'd4Teaching and Research - an Overview'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 (1988) 187.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The undertakings of the UCC inevitably changed in this quite different environment; the purposes of the Club altered as computers became a much more common feature of the University of Western Australia. So, for example, the constitution was amended in 1} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 980, changing the membership of the Club from 'd4all bodies of similar aims'd5 to all 'd4affiliated clubs and individuals who share the aims of the Club'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 1980 UCC Constitution, Guild Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 This slight change in emphasis suggests that there were other computing groups on campus and implies that computer science was becoming an increasingly everyday part of university life. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The story of the UCC'd5s accommodation in the 1980s also suggests that the Club was recognised as a relatively mainstream part of the university. While the UCC had moved frequently in the mid-1970s, from 1978 until 1990 the Club had a permanent room in the} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Guild building. Throughout the 1980s this was made increasingly more comfortable. For example, in 1980 the UCC received money to deal with the 'd4overflow of equipment'd5 because they 'd4need[ed] room for humans in there too'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 23/9/1980, Phil Sutherland, Application } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 for $200 from the Guild, Guild Records.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 Later in the decade, the Club 'd2acquired'd3 an air conditioner, a telephone, a sofa ($15 well spent), and (much needed) new carpet.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Tape of the 1989 15th Anniversary Dinner} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 . } }} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 The experiences of the UCC at this time were less about the struggle to establish the Club, and more about its development in a period of prosperity and expansion for computing.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab While the UCC continued to aim to provide members with access to computers, the ways in which this was achieved altered. The UCC began fund raising in different ways. Members of the UCC sold their computer expertise by making up mailings lists and stori} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ng electronic copies of constitutions for other clubs on campus. Some of the UCC formed Alpha Soft, a computer software company which sold utilities such as PDP 11 disk readers and IBM floppy disk readers.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Alpha Soft was started by Dean Elsner as a way of raising money for the club.... All-up Alpha Soft probably raised about $1,000 a year for the club.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Kevin McCaw to Emma Hawkes, 14/4/1999.} }} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Even more innovatively (and almost unbelievably), members of the UCC worked as bouncers for Guild events in the early 1980s. The UCC handled the security for several events, including Split Enz, Sky Hooks and Angels concerts.} {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab These activities were, of course, in addition to lobbying the Guild for money. The manipulation of the Societies Council through unofficial association with clubs such as the University Software Society and (again, almost incredibly) the Manic Depressive} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 s, allowed the UCC to prosper. In this period before voluntary student unionism, money was relatively abundant and grants were readily available. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab In the 1980s - particularly after 1985 - personal computers were more widely available and the relative cost of computers dropped significantly which meant that the UCC could buy a better selection of machines. In 1982 the UCC still had only two main com} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 puters - the insurance forms for that year listed only Murphy, the Alpha Micro, and Edsel, the Altair 8800B} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 15/6/1982, UCC'd5s Inventory of Computers for Insurance, Guild Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 - but the number of computers had expanded rapidly by the end of the decade. The 1992 insurance forms listed ten machines estimated to be worth $25,500.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 2/10/1992, UCC'd5s Inventory of Computers for Insurance, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab In the early 1980s the Club briefly acquired an Alpha LS 1, a massive six feet high by two feet wide machine with 64K of RAM which was sold in order to buy further machines such as a Computalker CT-100 speech synthesiser and an image scanner. In 1984 the} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Club got Marvin, a 'd4very cool, very powerful'd5 club built NS32 000 series S100 bus computer housed in a cardboard box, which was so popular that access to it was booked with a time sheet.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Peter Lewis to UCC Mailing List, 15/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 A time sheet was also used to book access to Murphy, even though the machine was increasingly outmoded; in 1981 the UCC was described as being 'd4afflicted with an Alpha-Micro'd5 and its 'd4notorious[ly]'d5 unreliable operating system.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 24/11/1981, Peter Hill to Bell Systems Software, Phil Sutherland'd5s Collection.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Murphy eventually died, but in 1988 the Club were given both a MicroMurphy, a MicroVAX II, and a new Murphy (a 'd4MegaMurphy'd5) which, as a multi-user computer, allowed members to undertake collaborative projects.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Notes for the UCC 15th Anniversary Dinner; } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 1.2 (1988).} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Likewise, the Unix boxes of this period facilitated group work - Mullet was a VAX 11/750 and Mackerel was a Sun 3/280. David Bennett wrote a letter of thanks to the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering pointing this out.\par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 [T]he VAX 11/750 has been doing very well and has inspired great interest from many of the club'd5s members ranging from hardware projects... to development of new, special purpose programming languages. The VAX 11/750 has given the club a good base to inve} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 stigate the UNIX environment and various networking solutions to make the most of the new resources.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 1991, David Bennett to Dr Armando Scolaro, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Further, the Club acquired several smaller machines in the 1980s, finishing the period with Mephistopheles an AT compatible NEC APC IV, Lucifer an XT compatible built by the Club to run the BBS 'd4so terribly sloooooowly'd5, several Commodore 64s (known as Toa} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ds because they were ugly, vaguely green and squatted), and some Macintosh Apple IIs.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 12/11/90 UCC Update, Historical Correspondence, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab By the end of the 1980s the UCC was a relatively well-equipped group with a permanent location in the Guild Building. The 'd4Publicity Officer'd5s Spiel'd5 for 1988 claimed:\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The UCC is a club for people interested in computers.... We are ON campus. We are in the Guild Building. We are on the second floor. We are in 2.14. We are open right now.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Emphasis in the original. James McParlane, 'd4The Publicity Officer'd5s Spiel'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 1.1 (1988) 4096.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The object of advancing computer science was met by providing members with computers with which they could undertake hardware and software projects, and supporting such projects.} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In 1988 Jonathan Quinn described the purpose of the UCC as 'd4providing computer resources'd5 and 'd4design[ing] and buil[ding] a number of unique machines'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 23/3/1988, Jonathan Quinn to ARM Project Manager, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 } {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 It was the 'd4logical'd5 place for those 'd4fascinated by computers'd5 to congregate, according to Craig Richmond who joined the UCC in 1988.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Craig Richmond to Emma Hawkes, 2/4/1999.} }} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The projects undertaken in the 1980s were approached with varying levels of enthusiasm and met with differing degrees of success (elements which did not necessarily seem to be correlated!). One of the most celebrated was the robot, built by Graham Mann, } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Indulis Bernsteins, Bruce Armstrong and Tony de Groot in 1981. At this stage it had a home made Z-80 based microcomputer, running CP/M,} {\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 an ultrasonic range-finder mounted on a stepper motor, infrared bump sensors and a speech synthesiser.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~mann/ROBOTS/robots.html, downloaded 9/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Later in the decade Jonathan Quinn, Peter Lewis and Marcus Jager played with it and reprogrammed it, giving it a } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 new Z-80 based brain, 3 1/2 inch floppy drives and } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 256K of RAM. It had 'd4quite cool'd5 hardware, including a Votrax speech synthesiser, a tricycle design (two driven wheels and one caster free wheel), and an umbilical power hookup.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Marcus Jager to Emma Hawkes, 31/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab Not content with the newly expanded array of computers, members of the UCC continued with projects intended to build further machines! Between 1988 and 1991 Jonathan Quinn, Peter Lewis and Marcus Jager built a general purpose computer (the ARM), wrote a } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 general systems programming language (Armoda) and adapted a general purpose operating system previously written for Marvin (KAOS 2).} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Jonathan Quinn, 'd4ARM-ageddon: The ARM Report (All this and KAOS TU!)'d5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 1.2 (1988) 144-1597. Also note miscellaneous correspondence with Jonathan Quinn on this issue, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 While the hardware was completed relatively quickly, the programming took years and was 'd4a continual source of frustration'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Jonathan Quinn, 'd4A Farewell to ARM: Requiem and Revelations, The Final Chapter of the ARM Project'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Murphy'd5s Lore} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 5.1 (1992) 4-6.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab Throughout the 1980s there were also opportunities to write new games, modify existing games and, of course, play with the games. The decade opened with members adapting games such as Luigi Cantoni'd5s Trek and WarLords, Kevin McCaw'd5s Twonky and LunaLander} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 , and Berndt Felshe and Bernard Langham'd5s Avalon. At the same time, Indulis Bernsteins wrote a Star Wars video game with joy stick controls. Later Jeremy Byrne worked on the UCC game which featured members of the Club, and developed Magic with the (unful} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 filled) intention of selling it.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 'd4We printed up 500 boxes for the introductory adventure ("A Taste of Magic") at a cost of $1,500, but never shipped a product.'d5 Jeremy G. Byrne to Emma Hawkes, 16/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In the late 1980s members developed and played in Multi User Dimensions (MUDs). While writing and modifying the games can be considered a form of programming, playing the games probably took up more time and provided as much enjoyment.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab There was a flowering of activity in the late 1980s in which several editions of a Club newsletter were produced. Cathy Cupitt co-ordinated these newsletters and in the first volume stated that the project had 'd4kept to the previous UCC tradition of major} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 procrastination, followed by huge amounts of work shortly after the last possible moment.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Malcolm Evans, Cathy Cupitt and Jonathan Quinn, 'd4Editors'd5 Thingy'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 1.1 (1988) 1.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 As well as providing insight into the technical projects of the Club at this time, they hint at an interesting debate at the end of the decade about the purpose of the UCC. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab There was a discussion about whether the UCC was a 'd4social club'd5 or a 'd4special interest club'd5, and the debate is worth quoting in some detail.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Jonathan} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Quinn, 'd4Vice-President'd5s Report'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 2.1 (1989) 99.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In 1988 David Emrich stressed the role of the Club as a 'd4haven'd5 for members.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 The conception of a computer club as a haven is explored in detail in the work of Janet Ward Schofield, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Computers and Classroom Culture} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) 152.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The general purpose of the club is to distract members from the absolutely boring process of coming to Uni, going to lectures.... studying, going home and studying some more. The distractions range from actually doing something to the slothful bliss of co} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 mplete inactivity.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Emrich, 'd4Inaugural Illustrious President'd5s Report'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 1.1 (1988) 4.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 He added that the Club 'd4exists mainly for social reasons, but some work does occasionally get done'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Emrich, 'd4Inaugural Illustrious President'd5s Report'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 1.1 (1988) 4.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 His vision of the Club can be contrasted with that of James McParlane who in the same volume stressed the practical work of the UCC, describing the Club as offering opportunities to learn things, get practical experience and work on projects as well as b} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 eing a forum in which to meet interesting people.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f21\fs20\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 McParlane, 'd4The Publicity Officer'd5s Spiel'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 1.1 (1988) 4096.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Similarly, in 1989 Jonathan Quinn stressed that the UCC was 'd4a special interest club'd5 and described it as a 'd4place for people with common interests to gather, discuss and hopefully further their ideas.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Jonathan Quinn, 'd4Vice-President'd5s Report'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 2.1 (1989) 99.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab There seems to have been some tension between two different understandings of the purpose of the Club: one which emphasised the UCC as a forum for undertaking projects, and one which defined the UCC as a social group whose activities were only loosely rel} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ated to computing. The minutes of a UCC meeting in 1988 stressed that 'd4the aim'd5 of the Club 'd4has not really changed, just the emphasis has shifted to a more social role.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 20/4/1988 Minutes, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 1.1 (1988) 33554432-67108864.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 It was agreed that the 'd4main aim'd5 of the Club was still 'd4[t]o promote and support an interest and understanding of computers and computers science.'d5 The conflict between the social and the technological aspects of the Club could be reconciled. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The two differing conceptions of the Club articulated in the late 1980s continue to dominate the ways in which past members recall their time in the UCC. In response to a questionnaire, some members from the 1980s used very powerful language to describe } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 the UCC as their spiritual home. It was described} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 a place where the lost could be 'd4embraced... into the fold'd5,} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Darren Longbottom to Emma Hawkes, 1/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 a group which formed a 'd4social circle of friends'd5,} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Craig Richmond to Emma Hawkes, 2/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 a time which was 'd4fun and the place to hang out'd5,} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Marcus Jager to Emma Hawkes, 31/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 and as being 'd4like a homecoming really'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Cathy Cupitt to Emma Hawkes, 22/3/1999.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 At the} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 same time, there was praise for 'd4the computer aspect of the club'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f21\fs20\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Bennett to Emma Hawkes, 6/4/1999.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Often the same ex-UCCans who emphasised the social life of the Club also stressed the value of access to computers and collaborative work on project. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UCC promised to be a haven for all sorts of delights in my mind (I was an\par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 aspiring computer-geek) and the members were astonishingly well- informed in their special subject.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Darren Longbottom to Emma Hawkes, 1/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 'd4I got to learn much more that I ever did in my CS classes.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f21\fs20\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Marcus Jager to Emma Hawkes, 31/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 'd4I also enjoyed the computer aspect of the club, they had computers I could use and see which I would not able to do anywhere else.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Bennett to Emma Hawkes, 6/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The UCC 'd4} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 was a good environment to learn.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Andrew Warenczak to Emma Hawkes, 1/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab These two conceptions of the purpose of the UCC were, of course, compatible. The UCC could be viewed as a social group which shared a common interest in computing or as a computing group which had an active social life. The President'd5s welcome to the 19} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 89 fifteenth anniversary dinner pulled these two themes together:\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 But in all this merriment let us not forget the purpose of the Club - to concentrate the student computing resources (both physical and intellectual) into one room and allow ideas to be generated and spread. Over the years I think we have done much toward} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 s this aim and our other main aim - to have a good time doing it.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 The UCC Papers: An unofficial history of a remarkable organisation, compiled by those who wish to conceal the truth, from documents intended to reveal all, for the inspiration of those who follow A souvenir from the University Computer Club'd5s Fifteenth A} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 nniversary Dinner, September 1989.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In some ways both these visions of the UCC'd5s purpose had always existed, but it is striking that this debate was articulated at this particular point in time. I suspect this discussion about the role of the UCC arose partly because of changing status of c} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 omputers. As computers became more accessible, the Club no longer had to struggle to provide the essentials; it instead became a support group for the further exploration of an established field. The debate about the purpose of the Club probably also ste} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 mmed from the enormous diversification of the activities of the UCC in the late 1980s. In addition to the newsletters, it was at this time that weekly pizza nights, ice skating trips, and group holidays were instituted. Shay Telfer, who joined the UCC in} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 1989, suggests that this period of the UCC'd5s history should be memorialised as 'd4large stacks of pizza'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Shay Telfer to Emma Hawkes, 31/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The diverse range of social activities and projects undertaken by members of the UCC was possible only because of the increasingly comfortable position of the Club. By the end of the 1980s the UCC had gained a set of machines which was positively dazzlin} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 g in comparison with the motley collection held by the Club in the 1970s. This growth mirrored the enormous development of the field of computer science in the 1980s, as computers became ubiquitous, increasingly powerful and relatively cheaper. For the } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UCC the 1980s were a period of expansion.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \page } \pard\qc{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 The 1990s} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In the 1990s the focus of the UCC seems to have been on interaction with other computing bodies. The UCC was more involved in computing on campus as a whole, and also established networks for communication with outside computing groups.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The decade opened with the UCC involved in discussions with the Guild about running a general computer lounge. In 1990 the Guild had decided to build a computer laboratory in Cameron Hall to deal with 'd4the inadequate numbers of computers'd5 by providing 'd4g} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 eneral student access to computer facilities'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 26/8/1990, Guild Information Technology Submission, Peter Cooper to Trent Smith, Guild President, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 It was proposed that the UCC would run the computer lounge for a fixed fee per annum,} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Peter Cooper in interview with Emma Hawkes, 3/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 and so in 1990 the UCC moved to Cameron Hall hoping to reap the profits of administering the proposed Undergraduate Computer Lounge (or, as it was put at the time, hoping to bring 'd4unprecedented huge amounts of money... kicking and screaming into the club} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 'd5).} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 12/11/1990, UCC Update, Historical Correspondence, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab This move meant accepting a smaller room, and for two years the UCC existed in extremely cramped quarters and regularly stored machines in the corridors of Cameron Hall.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 In 1992 Peter Cooper was 'd4negotiating with UCS for public access terminals in the corridor outside our clubroom'd5 but warned that the 'd4corridor must be cleared'd5. 23/7/1999, UCC Minutes, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 As a result in 1991 members of the UCC were sternly (and tersely) warned that\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 [in the] new room, rule is bags in corridor, not in room; abuse people who don'd5t oblige.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 9/9/1991, UCC Minutes, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The opening of the computer lounge was delayed and then the Guild decided that they did not want a university club running the lounge. Although they hired individual members of the UCC to work in the lounge, the Club as an entity was not paid to run the c} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 omputer lounge. Instead in 1992 the UCC moved into a specially constructed room in Cameron Hall. A part of the hall was walled up for the club room, and a 1992 newsletter gleefully recorded that 'd4[t]his room will be the largest room the UCC has had as its} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 home in all of its dark and mysterious history.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Bennett, 'd4Green Things from the Swamp Report'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Murphy'd5s Lore: The Journal of the University Computer Club} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 4.2 (1992) 18.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab While the UCC'd5s involvement with the Guild'd5s computer lounge was ultimately fruitless, it does highlight the increasing importance of computing on campus.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 The only tangible benefit which the Club as a whole received was the Ethernet connection to UWA-Net via the } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 lounge. This was later replaced with an underground line to University Computing Services, and a connection to the new Guild Buildings. In this way the UCC were able to connect to the Internet. } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Emrich, interview with Emma Hawkes, 15/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 By the 1990s computing had become an accepted and everyday part of university life. University Computing Services (UCS) was established in 1991 to provide 'd4computing and communications infrastructure and services'd5 which were by that time seen as 'd4essent} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ial'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 http://www.ucs.uwa.edu.au/, downloaded 19/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The UCC had, of course, always focussed on these issues and fitted comfortably into this new computing regime at the University of Western Australia. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab As a result the Club had profitable relations with other university computing bodies, receiving several welcome donations at a time when the Guild was less able to give grants to university clubs. There were small donations of a printer and an Apple II f} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 rom Administration and the Faculty of Engineering in 1993.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 24/9/93, UCC Minutes 1993 - 1995, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The Centre for Water Research donated Starfish, a Star 910/VP with 128 MB of memory, to the Club in 1995, and Marron, a Sun 3/60 in 1996. Mudskipper, a Unix Micro VAX 2, was donated by the Physics Department, and Mullett, a VAX 11/750, came from Electro} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 nic Engineering. These donations should be noted because they did more than supplement the purchase of an Amiga 500, a 386-33 motherboard and a 486-33 running UNIX.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 15/11/1991, UCC Update, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Some of these donations were facilitated by past members, highlighting the links the UCC had forged over the years with other university bodies using computers.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab Communication with outside computing groups was emphasised in UCC projects in the 1990s, as the majority of the projects used the Internet. The UCC set up MUDs in the late 1980s and Flame in 1991, activities which were possible only after the UCC got In} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ternet connections through its association with the computer lounge.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Emrich interview with Emma Hawkes, 15/4/1999. Note also 7/12/1990, Peter Cooper to Terry O'd5Meara, Managing Director of the Guild, UCC Records; 22/5/1992, Phil Duffy, University Computing Services, to Peter Cooper, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The UCC had email connections by 1990, and some current members signalled that this technology motivated them to join the UCC. Simon Fryers, who became a member in 1995, explained that he joined the Club because it 'd4} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 had internet access, [and] also the write up in the guild literature just } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 grabbed my attention and said I must join.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Simon Fryers to Emma Hawkes, 30/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Michael Deegan, another 1995 member, wrote that the UCC 'd4appeared to provide an environment that appealed to me (hardware, knowhow, etc). There were also side-effects such as a stable email address'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Michael Deegan to Emma Hawkes, 30/3/1999.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 David Basden, a 1993 member, stated that he was partially motived at join by the fact that the UCC 'd4had live internet access.... } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 To be able to actually telnet to places and access real-time services... was like a dream.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Basden to Emma Hawkes, 22/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The other major UCC projects of the 1990s used the World Wide Web systematically. In 1992 the UCC set up a coke machine on the web, the second group in the world to do so. Inspired by news that Carnegie-Mellon University had set up a vending machine on } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 the Internet, in 1992 the UCC arranged for a loan of an old machine from CocaCola Amatil.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 9/10/1992, UCC Minutes, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 A 68000 based board and power supply was bolted to the inside of the machine, and software was written which connected the machine to the Internet via the UCC'd5s Sun. The Coke vending machine became 'd4one of the world'd5s most famous Internet gadgets for sev} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 eral years'd5 and the web site was visited by 'd4truly initiated Netsurfer[s]'d5, but in 1995 CocaCola Amatil asked for the site to be terminated.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 'd5Coke Struggles out of the Net'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Internet Australasia} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 (August 1995) 47.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 This seems to have been motivated by fear of the possibility that a small portion of the company'd5s sales information would indirectly be accessible, but the company eventually decided to allow the UCC to maintain the machine. In 1995 the machine was sol} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 d to the UCC for $200 and the Coke machine on the Web has continued very successfully.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Invoice 3/8/95 Coca-Cola Amatil to UCC, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab This project was so impressive that later members of the UCC expanded on this idea. In 1993 an electronic door sensor was linked to the web so that members could tell if the room was open or not without having to physically enter Cameron Hall. In 1995 t} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 he Club'd5s 'd4highest priorities'd5 were improving the computers and getting a chocolate vending machine to set up on the World Wide Web.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 24/11/1995, Minutes 1993 - 1995, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 After an unsuccessful experiment with a twenty five year old vending machine in 1996, the UCC got a more suitable machine early in 1999 and are currently working on linking it to the Internet.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab While the UCC also undertook hardware projects at this time - such as developing a second robot and a frame grabbing camera - the majority of the projects in the 1990s were oriented towards the World Wide Web. Using the Internet allowed the UCC to truly } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 participate in a world wide computing culture. The emphasis was on interaction with outside computer users.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab It is striking that at the same time that the UCC moved in this direction, the debate about the social and technological aspects of the UCC seems to have died down. Judging by the questionnaire responses, members of the UCC from the 1990s seem to have c} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ombined the social and the project oriented aspects of the UCC with greater ease than members in the late 1980s. While it may be that there were fewer social undertakings in the 1990s, it is also possible that the focus on communications technology made i} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 t easier to integrate the technical projects with the social life of the Club.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Simon Fryers, a member since 1995, wrote 'd4I don't seem to remember many of the UCC social activities.'d5 Simone Collins, who joined the Club in 1997, wrote 'd4Pizza nights are fun. Other social activities haven't really happened much though. Most of them hav} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 e degenerated into computer games nights where people bring their own PC.. quite dull as it limits interaction with others.'d5 Simon Fryers to Emma Hawkes, 30/3/1999; Simone Collins to Emma Hawkes, 31/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The questionnaire responses from 1990s members stressed both the technological and the social aspects of the Club. Some members focussed on the practical side of the UCC: it was a place to 'd4learn more about unix/linux'd5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Geoff Fruin to Emma Hawkes, 30/3/1999.} }} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 and an environment which supported those 'd4} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 interested in hardware'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Jean Paul Blaquier to Emma Hawkes, 30/3/1999.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 } {\plain\f3\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\f3\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 It looked like the closest thing I could see to a good place to learn the things I didn't know. It looked a bit too geeky, but in the end I decided to take the plunge and join.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 James Bromberger to Emma Hawkes, 1/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 At the same time, many of the respondents stressed the social life of the UCC: they noted t} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 he 'd4highly successful pizza/video/whatever nights... at [the] UCC'd5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Luyer to Emma Hawkes, 30/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 which 'd4waned and waxed in size, but many of them [were] a lot of fun.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Nick Bannon to Emma Hawkes, 6/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Suggestively, electronic forms of communication were occasionally detailed as part of the attraction of the Club. Flame, which started as a dial-in BBS in 1989 but developed in the 1990s, was described as 'd4a major social activity'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 John West McKenna to Emma Hawkes, 25/3/1999.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Similarly, in 1995 the 'd4social'd5 aspects of MUDs were praised in the on-line newsletter.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Bennett, 'd4MUD'd5s: Do You Get Wet?'d5} {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Murphy's Law: Newsletter of the University Computer Club} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 ,4.1 (1995). http://www.ucc.gu.uwa.edu.au/infobase/newsltrs/vol4iss1/, downloaded 14/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 } {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 Perhaps the emphasis on this kind of communications technology made the combination of the social and project oriented aspects of the UCC in the 1990s smoother and reduced the tension between the two understandings of the Club.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 \tab The dominant note in the history of the UCC in the 1990s was interaction and communication with outside groups. } {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The 1990 Freshers'd5 Welcome noted, } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 'd4As well as the computers themselves, we offer contacts in the computer world'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club, 1990 Freshers'd5 Welcome, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 } {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 As computing became an established part of campus life, the UCC set up a series of networks with university bodies which meant that fairly regular donations of old computers were made to the Club. While the attempt to co-ordinate the Guild'd5s computer loun} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 ge was unsuccessful, the move highlighted the everyday nature of computing on campus and pointed to the links between the UCC and the other computing bodies at the University of Western Australia. } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 'd4Computing is inextricably and ubiquitously woven into the fabric of modern life.'d5} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Juris Hartmanis and Herbert Lin (Eds), } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Computing the Future: A Broader Agenda for Computer Science and Engineering} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 (Washington: National Academy Press, 1992) 13.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab At the same time, the UCC'd5s projects were oriented towards contact with computing bodies off-campus. Email, MUDs, Flame and access to the World Wide Web all allowed UCCans to move into a wider world of computing. Linking machines which were physically l} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ocated in the club room to the Internet symbolically moved the UCC into a global computing community.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \page } \pard\qc{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Conclusions} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 This overview of the UCC suggests that the objectives of the Club have been interpreted in different ways over the past twenty five years. The membership of the Club, the projects and the understandings of the purposes of the Club have all changed over ti} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 me, just as the nature of computing on campus changed between the 1970s and the late 1990s.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The changes in the membership of the UCC are tied to the trends in computing at the University of Western Australia over the decades. Although the membership lists from the 1970s have not survived, something of the nature of the early membership may, per} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 haps, be inferred from the descriptions of Computer Science students in the 1970s (since the UCC 'd4traditionally'd5 'd4mainly'd5 drew members from the Faculties of Science and Engineering).} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 31/3/1988, Jonathan Quinn to Paul Farnhill, Corporate Strategy, UCC Records; 16/7/1985, Justin von Perger, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In 1979 Computer Science students had, on the whole, done better in their Tertiary Admittance Exams (TAEs) than most other students in the Faculty of Science - they had an average score of 394 compared with a faculty wide average of 376.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Withdrawals from Computer Science 200, UWAA 3905/2, Computer Science.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The 1979 description of these students also states that they overwhelmingly had a background in pure mathematics.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 45 of the 49 students surveyed in 1979 had done Mathematics II and Mathematics III in high school. Withdrawals from Computer Science 200, UWAA 3905/2, Computer Science.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 What this description did not say - but what was almost certainly the case - was that most of these bright, mathematically inclined Computer Science students were male. There are no departmental figures for this period, but the normative student was des} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 cribed as 'd4he'd5 in the 1970s.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 27/4/1976, Executive Committee of the Faculty of Science, 1975 - 1976.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 It is very probable that the membership of the UCC also fitted this profile. \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The membership of the UCC has always been largely male, but this is not to underestimate the small but fairly steady presence of women in the Club since the early 1980s.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 'd4Incidentally, the only female UCC member I can recall from those days was a woman called Beth, who I believe was "someone's girlfriend"--this was until Cathy Cupitt joined--in about 1986?--and transformed the club into the "Underlings of Cathy Cupitt".'d5 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Jeremy G. Byrne to Emma Hawkes, 15/4/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Julie Trott was Vice-President in 1981, Julie Freeman was Secretary in 1982, Cathy Cupitt was on committee in 1989 (running on a campaign of 'd4recruiting members (specifically female members) into the Club'd5),} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Cathy Cupitt, 'd4First Year Rep'd5s Report'd5, } {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 , 2.1 (1989).} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Jeanette Campbell was Treasurer between 1990 and 1992, Sophie Divlaev was Secretary in 1995, Simone Collins was Treasurer in 1997 and 1998, and in 1999 Melissa Challenor was elected Vice-President, Tamara Fehlberg became Fresher Representative and Sam Ben} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 tink became an Ordinary Committee Member. Strikingly, this is the highest ever number of women on committee, and it comes at a time of relatively high female memberships in the UCC.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 1999 UCC Committee: President: Ian McKellar; Vice President: Melissa Challenor; Secretary: David Luyer; Treasurer: Nick Rohrlach; Fresher Rep: Tamara Fehlberg; OCMs: Nick Bannon, Sam Bentink, Mikolaj Habryn.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The 1999 membership records list 96 men and 20 women.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 These figures include only those whose gender may be readily identified in their membership record. } }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 This may be compared with the 1991 membership list which has survived by chance and which lists 117 members; of the 102 members whose gender can be identified, 10 were women. This suggests a steady though not overwhelming increase in the number of female } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 members through the 1990s.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The changes in the UCC'd5s membership are probably linked to the changes in enrolments in Computer Science and Engineering, the courses which UCCans are most likely to pursue. Engineering has traditionally been an enclave of masculinity: the first female s} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 tudent graduated only in 1970 and even in 1998 there were still only 346 women among the 1713 students in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Western Australia.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 David Allen-Williams, 'd4Engineering'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs18\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 (1988) 297-8; Figures provided by Women in Science and Engineering, 1998.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Computer Science, on the other hand, has come closer to achieving gender parity: there were 37 male and 26 female final year students majoring in Computer Science in 1995.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 University of Western Australia, UniStats 1995. } }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 slight shift in the UCC'd5s membership must be read in this context; the move from an all male world in the 1970s to a more diverse culture in the 1990s reflects the changes in worldwide computing cultures.} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 \tab } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The purposes of the UCC have changed over time, reflecting the development of computing at the University of Western Australia. } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The 'd4advancement of Computer Science'd5 is an objective which has been interpreted in various ways.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f21\fs20\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 1974 UCC Constitution, inferred from the 1979 amended Constitution, Guild Records.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs9\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 While this was originally met by providing students with the Club'd5s limited computing facilities and arranging access to the university'd5s more impressive machines, by the 1980s it involved providing support for hardware and software projects. Justin von P} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 erger described this change in some detail in 1985:\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The University Computer Club was formed in 1974 by a group of students wanting to get into computing. Over the years, the club has evolved into an organisation dedicated to providing free access to the club'd5s computers for its members.... Over the last fe} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 w years, coinciding with the introduction of the home computer, the need for such a service has become much reduced. As a result the Club has decided to turn towards the hardware aspects of computing, giving members the opportunity to design and build pro} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 jects of their own.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 16/7/1985, Justin von Perger, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In the late 1980s part of the business of the UCC was also the social life of the Club, a development which highlighted the degree to which the UCC had become comfortably established on campus. By the late 1990s the tension between the understanding of th} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 e UCC as a social club and as a special interest club seemed to have been resolved, perhaps because the UCC began stressing projects involving electronic communication.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \tab The projects undertaken by members of the UCC were, of course, determined by these different understandings of the purpose of the Club. In the 1970s when very little was spent on computing - only 1.01% of the University of Western Australia'd5s budget went} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 on computing in 1976 - the UCC concentrated on acquiring computers.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 2/3/1979, Submission to the Appropriations Committee on behalf of the Computing Policy Committee, UWAA 3106/5, Computing Facilities within the University.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Phil Sutherland, who joined the Club in the late 1970s wrote that he joined the UCC because it\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 [w]as only place I could get my hands on real live computers and do what I wanted to do with them though all hours of day and night. It all seemed important and interesting - come to that it still does.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Phil Sutherland to Emma Hawkes, 26/3/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In the 1980s when computers were much more readily available and the environment was changing to make the need for computers in tertiary education 'd4more and more evident'd5, the UCC emphasised to a greater extent the provision of support for hardware and sof} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 tware projects.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 In 1985 a new subject, Computer Technology 105, was introduced in Engineering. This new subject was seen as a way of adapting the Engineering course to the changing technologies of the late-twentieth century. 'd4In speaking to the proposal the Head of the D} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 epartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering emphasised the reasons for the proposal. A substantial change in the needs for the education of Electronic and Electrical engineers in today'd5s environment was becoming more and more evident and the Depart} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 ment had an obligation to adapt to this changing environment.'d5 12/10/1983, University of Western Australia, Faculty of Engineering Minutes, 1981.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\up4\f16\fs9\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 In 1985 Justin von} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Perger argued that the 'd4introduction of the home computer'd5 meant that the UCC had begun to concentrate on the 'd4hardware aspects of computing'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 16/7/1985, Justin von Perger, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\ri560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 We feel that the Club would then have something special to offer - a group environment in which members could write cross-assemblers and debug hardware using the Club'd5s computers.\par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Finally, in the 1990s when computing and electronic communication were so ubiquitous that even } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 the university library'd5s card catalogue was destroyed, the UCC began to emphasise linking up to the Internet and communicating with other computing bodies.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\ql{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\f21\fs20\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Interview with Arthur Ellis, former Head Librarian at the University of Western Australia, 12/2/1999.} }} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Although there were overlaps, the trend appears to be a move from hardware projects to the development of software and from software projects to} {\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 the use of the I} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 nternet.} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 \par } \pard\qj{\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 \tab These varying visions of the purpose of the UCC can, like the changing membership, be set in the context of the history of computing at the University of Western Australia in the past twenty five years. There have been quite major developments in the UCC} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 , mirroring those in the computing community as a whole. There have also been some continuing themes. There is continuity in knowing that in 1980 the UCC club room was 'd4used for approximately twenty hours per day... for the home base of the dreaded UCC'd5,} {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 and that } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 in 1991 the Club was officially advised that it was 'd4not intended that students shall use Cameron Hall as a residence'd5.} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn {\footnote\pard\qj{\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 \up4 \chftn } {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 23/9/1980, Phil Sutherland, Application for a $200 Grant, Guild Records;} {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 27/3/1991, Managing Director to President of the UCC, Guild Records. } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Brian Kilgallin, a member in the early 1980s, remembered hiding from security guards behind blackout curtains in order to stay in the club room at night. } {\plain\f16\fs18\cf1 Jonathan Quinn, Notes from the UCC Fifteenth Anniversary Dinner. Further, the 1992 minutes hopefully recorded that a new Guild manager was due to start and that it might be possible to 'd4try again for 24 hr access'd5. 9/10/1992, UCC Minutes, UCC Records.} }} {\plain\up4\f16\fs18\cf1 } {\plain\up6\f16\fs12\cf1 A love of computing and of the UCC seems to be the common link.\page } \pard\qc{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Bibliography\par } \pard\qc{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Primary Sources\par } \pard\ql{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 (I) Materials held by the UCC\par } \pard\qc{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 UCC Publications\par } \pard\ql{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\ql{\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 , 1.1 (1988).\par } \pard\ql{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 , 1.2 (1988).\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 , 2.1 (1989). \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 University Computer Club: The Ultimate Newsletter} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 , 3 (1990). \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Murphy'd5s Lore: The Journal of the University Computer Club} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 , 4.2 (1992).\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Murphy'd5s Lore: The Journal of the University Computer Club} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 , 5.1 (1992).\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Murphy's Law: Newsletter of the University Computer Club} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 ,4.1 (1995). http://www.ucc.gu.uwa.edu.au/infobase/newsltrs/vol4iss1/, downloaded 14/4/1999.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Miscellaneous Papers } {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Miscellaneous Correspondence, Historical Correspondence, Agendas. (Mostly early 1990s).\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The UCC Papers: An unofficial history of a remarkable organisation, compiled by those who wish to conceal the truth, from documents intended to reveal all, for the inspiration of those who follow A souvenir from the University Computer Club'd5s Tenth Annive} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 rsary Dinner, September 1984.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 The UCC Papers: An unofficial history of a remarkable organisation, compiled by those who wish to conceal the truth, from documents intended to reveal all, for the inspiration of those who follow A souvenir from the University Computer Club'd5s Fifteenth An} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 niversary Dinner, September 1989.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Financial Records} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Miscellaneous Receipt Books, 1980s - 1990s.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Membership Records} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Miscellaneous Membership Records, 1980s - 1990s.} {\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Minutes} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Minutes, Miscellaneous Papers 1988 - 1992.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Minute Book, 1993 - 1995.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Minute Book, 1998 - 1999.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 (II) Materials held by the University Archives\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Miscellaneous} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 1502 \tab University Clubs and Societies\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 1503/1 \tab University Clubs, General\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 1503/2 \tab University Clubs, General\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 2412\tab \tab Computing Centre, Policy Committee\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 3106/1A \tab Computer Facilities with the University\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 3106/4 \tab Computer Facilities with the University\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 3106/5 \tab Computer Facilities with the University\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 3106/6 \tab Computer Facilities with the University\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 3106/7 \tab Computer Facilities with the University\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 3905/1\tab Computer Science\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 UWAA 3905/2\tab Computer Science\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Minutes} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Executive Committee Minutes of the Faculty of Science, 1975 - 1984. (Miscellaneous).\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Faculty of Engineering Minutes, 1975 - 1998. (Miscellaneous).} {\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \page } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 (III) Private Collections\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Jonathan Quinn, Notes taken at the 1989 Fifteenth Anniversary Dinner.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Phil Sutherland, Assorted correspondence.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Weatherburn Mathematics Society, } {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 After Math: A Publication of the Weatherburn Society} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 , 4.1 (1976).\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Andrew Williams, Copies of the UCC On-line Discussions, 1993 - 1999.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 (IV) Materials held by the Guild} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Constitutions} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 University Computer Club Constitutions 1974, 1978, 1980, 1996.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Miscellaneous} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Miscellaneous Correspondence, Historical Correspondence (mostly 1980s and 1990s).\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 (V) Interviews\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 David Emrich, 15th April 1999.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Phil Sutherland, 23rd April 1999.} {\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 \page } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\b\f16\fs24\cf1 Secondary Sources} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Allen-Williams, David. 'd4Engineering'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . Ed. B.K. deGaris. Perth: University of Western Australia Press, 1988. 293-304.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 deGaris, Brian. 'd4Teaching and Research - an Overview'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . 1988. 179-94.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Eames, Charles and Ray Eames. } {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 A Computer Perspective: Background to the Computer Age} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . London: Harvard University Press, 1980.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Glass, Robert L. (Ed.). } {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 In the Beginning: Recollections of Software Pioneers} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . California: IEEE Computer Society, 1998.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Goldberg, Adele (Ed.). } {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 A History of Personal Workstations} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . New York: ACM Press, 1988.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Hartmanis, Juris and Herbert Lin (Eds). } {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Computing the Future: A Broader Agenda for Computer Science and Engineering} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . Washington: National Academy Press, 1992.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Nash, Stephen G. (Ed.). } {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 A History of Scientific Computing} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . New York: ACM Press, 1990.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Rose, Heather. 'd4Support Service: Hands and Feet of the University'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . 1988. 133-50.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Sullivan, Bob. 'd4Science'd5 in} {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Campus in the Community: The University of Western Australia, 1963 - 1987} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . 1988. 337-64.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Ward Schofield, Janet. } {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Computers and Classroom Culture} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.\par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 \par } \pard\qj\li560\fi-560{\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 Wilkes, Maurice V. } {\plain\i\f16\fs24\cf1 Computing Perspectives} {\plain\f16\fs24\cf1 . California: Morgan Kaufman, 1995.} }